Cavity Fillings and Sealants

How does a cavity filling work?

A cavity filling is a common dental procedure used to repair and restore a tooth that has been damaged by decay. Here’s how the process typically works:

1. Examination and Preparation: The dentist first examines the affected tooth, often using X-rays, to determine the extent of the decay. The area around the tooth is numbed with a local anesthetic to ensure comfort during the procedure.
2. Decay Removal: Using a drill, laser, or air abrasion instrument, the dentist removes the decayed portion of the tooth. This step is crucial to prevent the spread of decay and to prepare the tooth for the filling.
3. Cleaning: After removing the decay, the dentist cleans the cavity of bacteria and debris to ensure a clean surface for the filling to adhere to.
4. Filling: The cleaned cavity is then filled with a filling material. Common materials include dental amalgam (a mixture of metals), composite resins (tooth-colored fillings), gold, or ceramic. The choice of material depends on the location of the cavity, the patient’s dental history, aesthetic considerations, and cost.
5. Polishing: Once the filling is in place, the dentist will shape and polish it to match the contour of the rest of the tooth, ensuring a comfortable bite and a natural look.

What types of fillings are there?

There are several types of materials used for dental fillings, each with its own advantages and considerations. Here’s a brief overview of the most common types:

1. Amalgam Fillings: Made from a mixture of metals, including silver and mercury, these fillings are durable and cost-effective, ideal for back teeth.
2. Composite Resins: Tooth-colored fillings that blend well with natural teeth, suitable for front teeth due to their aesthetic appeal.
3. Ceramic Fillings: Made from porcelain, these are stain-resistant and strong, though more brittle and expensive than other types.
4. Gold Fillings: Composed of a gold alloy, these fillings are exceptionally durable and aesthetically distinct but also the most costly.
5. Glass Ionomer: These fillings release fluoride and are less durable, so they are best for non-load-bearing areas like the roots of teeth.

Is tooth sensitivity after a filling normal?

Experiencing tooth sensitivity after getting a filling is common due to several factors, including reactions to the filling materials, inflammation from the procedure, thermal conductivity of metal fillings causing discomfort with temperature changes, and potential shrinkage or expansion of filling materials. This sensitivity usually decreases over a few days to weeks, but persistent or worsening sensitivity should prompt a visit to the dentist, as it may indicate the need for an adjustment or an underlying infection.